| Ruler | Reign (CE) | Yrs | Father | Mother | Persian Name | فارسی |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Teymourian Rulers1 | ||||||
| Teymour (Tamerlane) | 1370–1405 | 35 | Taraghaia Barlas tribal chief2 | Tekina Khatun | Timūr-e Lang | تیمور لنگ |
| Khalil Sultan | 1405–1409 | 4 | Miran Shahgrandson of Teymour | Sevin Beg Khanzada | Khalīl Soltān | خلیل سلطان |
| Shah Rukh | 1405–1447 | 42 | Teymour | Taghay Tarkhan Agharaised by Teymour’s chief wife, Saray Mulk Khanum; moved the capital to Herat | Shāh Rokh | شاهرخ |
| Ulugh Beg | 1447–1449 | 2 | Shah Rukh | Gawhar Shadthe astronomer-king3 | Olugh Beyg | الغبیگ |
| Abd al-Latif | 1449–1450 | 1 | Ulugh Begkilled his own father | Roqya Khatun | Abdollatīf-e Olugh Beyg | عبداللطیف بن الغبیگ |
| Abu Sa’id Mirza | 1451–1469 | 18 | Muhammad ibn Miran Shahgreat-grandson of Teymour | unknown | Abū Sa’id Mirzā | ابوسعید میرزا |
| Sultan Husayn Bayqara | 1469–1506 | 37 | Mansur ibn Bayqaradescended from Teymour via Umar Shaykh4 | Firuza Begumgranddau. of Miran Shah | Soltān Hosein Bayqarā | سلطان حسین بایقرا |
| Badi al-Zaman Mirza | 1506–1507 | 1 | Sultan Husayn Bayqara | Bega Sultan Begumlast Teymourian ruler of Herat5 | Badī’ al-Zamān Mirzā | بدیعالزمان میرزا |
1 After Teymour's death the empire fragmented repeatedly among competing princely branches; this table follows the main line of succession through Samarkand and, later, Herat rather than every simultaneous claimant.
2 Teymour was not a direct descendant of Genghis Khan and therefore never took the title “Khan” for most of his reign, ruling instead as “Amir” (commander) while marrying into the Chinggisid line and installing puppet khans to legitimize his rule. His campaigns included the sack of Delhi in 1398 and the capture of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I after the Battle of Ankara in 1402; he died in 1405 while marching to invade Ming China.
3 Ulugh Beg, Teymour's grandson, was one of history's great scientist-kings, building a monumental observatory at Samarkand and compiling a star catalogue of unmatched accuracy for its era. He was overthrown and beheaded on the order of his own son, Abd al-Latif, in 1449.
4 Sultan Husayn Bayqara's court at Herat, with the poet Jami and the painter Kamal ud-Din Behzad among its luminaries, is widely regarded as the high point of Teymourian art and literature, even as the dynasty's political power had long since fragmented among competing princely branches elsewhere.
5 Herat fell to the Uzbek conqueror Muhammad Shaybani in 1507, ending Teymourian rule in Iran and Central Asia. A separate descendant of Teymour, Babur, fled south and eventually founded the Mughal Empire in India in 1526 — the dynasty's most enduring legacy, though outside the scope of Iran's own history.