| Caliph | Reign (CE) | Yrs | Father | Mother | Transliteration | العربية |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Sufyanid Caliphs | ||||||
| Muawiyah I | 661–680 | 19 | Abu Sufyan ibn Harb | Hind bint Utbah | Muʿāwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān | معاوية بن أبي سفيان |
| Yazid I | 680–683 | 3 | Muawiyah I | Maysun bint Bahdalof the Banu Kalb | Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiyah | يزيد بن معاوية |
| Muawiyah II | 683–684 | <1 | Yazid I | Umm Khalid bint Abi Hashim | Muʿāwiyah ibn Yazīd | معاوية بن يزيد |
| The Marwanid Caliphs1 | ||||||
| Marwan I | 684–685 | 1 | Al-Hakam ibn Abi al-Ascousin of Muawiyah I | Amina bint Alqama | Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam | مروان بن الحكم |
| Abd al-Malik | 685–705 | 20 | Marwan I | Aisha bint Mu’awiyah ibn al-Mughirah | ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān | عبد الملك بن مروان |
| Al-Walid I | 705–715 | 10 | Abd al-Malik | Wallada bint al-Abbas ibn al-Jaz’ | Al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik | الوليد بن عبد الملك |
| Sulayman | 715–717 | 2 | Abd al-Malik | Wallada bint al-Abbasfull brother of Al-Walid I | Sulaymān ibn ʿAbd al-Malik | سليمان بن عبد الملك |
| Umar II | 717–720 | 3 | Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwannephew of Abd al-Malik | Layla bint Asimgreat-granddau. of Caliph Umar I2 | ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz | عمر بن عبد العزيز |
| Yazid II | 720–724 | 4 | Abd al-Malik | Atikah bint Yazid I | Yazīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik | يزيد بن عبد الملك |
| Hisham | 724–743 | 19 | Abd al-Malik | A’isha bint Hisham al-Makhzumiyya | Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Malik | هشام بن عبد الملك |
| Al-Walid II | 743–744 | 1 | Yazid II | Umm al-Hajjaj bint Muhammad | Al-Walīd ibn Yazīd | الوليد بن يزيد |
| Yazid III | 744 | <1 | Al-Walid I | Shah Afrida Sasanian princess3 | Yazīd ibn al-Walīd | يزيد بن الوليد |
| Ibrahim | 744 | <1 | Al-Walid I | unknown | Ibrāhīm ibn al-Walīd | إبراهيم بن الوليد |
| Marwan II | 744–750 | 6 | Muhammad ibn Marwanson of Marwan I | a Kurdish enslaved woman | Marwān ibn Muḥammad | مروان بن محمد |
1 The Second Fitna (680–692), the civil war that followed Yazid I’s death and the massacre of Ali’s son Husayn at Karbala, ended Sufyanid rule and passed the caliphate to a cousin branch, the Marwanids, descended from Marwan I.
2 Umar II’s mother was a great-granddaughter of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab, giving him direct descent from a Rashidun caliph on both sides of his family. His brief, reforming reign was remembered so favorably by later Muslim historians that he is sometimes called “the fifth rightly-guided caliph.”
3 Yazid III’s mother, Shah Afrid, was said to be a granddaughter of the last Sasanian king, Yazdegerd III, taken captive during the conquest of Iran. Yazid reportedly boasted of uniting Arab and Persian royal blood — one of the few direct genealogical threads in this table connecting the Umayyads back to the pre-Islamic Persian throne.
The Umayyads fell to the Abbasid Revolution of 747–750, an uprising drawing heavily on Iranian (Khorasani) manpower under the general Abu Muslim. Marwan II was defeated at the Battle of the Great Zab in 750 and killed fleeing to Egypt; a surviving prince, Abd al-Rahman I, escaped to found a separate Umayyad emirate in Córdoba, Spain, with no further role in Iran’s history.